Opinion of Mr Advocate General da Cruz Vilaça delivered on 18 June 1987

1 Translated from the Portuguese.

2 See, for instance, the judgment of 25 September 1979 in Case 232/78 Commission v France [1979] ECR 2729; judgment of 9 December 1981 in Case 193/80 Commission v Italy [1981] ECR 3019; judgment of 8 February 1983 in Case 124/81 Commission v United Kingdom [1983] ECR 203; judgment of 22 March 1983 in Case 42/82 Commission v France [1983] ECR 1013; judgment of 27 March 1984 in Case 50/83 Commission v Italy [1984] ECR 1633; and judgment of 15 January 1986 in Case 121/84 Commissioni Italy [1986] ECR 107.

3 Judgment of 10 December 1974 in Case 48/74 Charmasson [1974] ECR 1383, at pp. 1396 and 1397.

4 Judgment of 24 October 1973 in Case 5/73 BMan-Import-Export [1973] ECR 1091.

5 Judgment of 13 March 1968 in Case 5/67 Beus v Hauptzollamt München [1968] ECR 125.

6 Charmasson, supra, paragraph 24 of the decision.

7 Commission v United Kingdom [1979] ECR 1447, at p. 1460, paragraph 13 of the decision.

8 Commission v United Kingdom, cited above, paragraph 12 of the decision.

9 Commission v United Kingdom, cited above, paragraph 12 of the decision.

10 Judgment of 16 March 1977 in Case 68/76 Commission v France [1977] ECR 515, at p. 531. See also Charmasson, supra, paragraph 15 of the decision, and Commission v United Kingdom, supra, paragraph 15 of the decision.

11 Commission v United Kingdom, supra, paragraphs 16 and 17 of the decision.

12 Commission v United Kingdom, supra, paragraphs 10 and 11 of the decision.

13 Charmasson, supra, paragraphs 16 and 17 of the decision.

14 See judgment of 12 July 1983 in Case 170/78 Commission v United Kingdom [1983] ECR 2265.

15 Judgment of 11 July 1974 in Case 8/74 Procureur du Roi v Dassonville [1974] ECR 837, at p. 852, paragraph 5 of the decision.

16 See, for instance, the judgment of 7 February 1970 in Case 31/69 Commissionv Italy [1970] ECR 25.