Opinion of Mr Advocate General da Cruz Vilaça delivered on 2 December 1986

1 Translated from llic Portuguese.

2 See, for example, the judgments of 2 December 1980 in Cases 42/80 and 43/80 Commission v Italian Republic [1980] ECR 3635, at p. 3640, and 3643, at p. 3648.

3 See, for example, the judgment of 25 September 1979 in Case 232/78 Commission v France [1979] ECR 2729; the judgment of 9 December 1981 in Case 193/80 Commission v Italy [1981] ECR 3019; and the judgment of 8 February 1983 in Case 124/81 Commission v United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland [1983] ECR 203.

4 See the judgments cited in the preceding note and also the judgment of 22 March 1983 in Case 42/82 Commission v France [1983] ECR 1013; the judgment of 27 March 1984 in Case 50/83 Commission v Italy [1984] ECR 1633, at p. 1633; and the judgment of 15 January 1986 in Case 121/84 Commission v Italy [1986) ECR 107, 111.

5 See, for example, the judgment of 8 February 1983 in Case 124/81, supra, [1983] ECR 203; the judgment of 31 January 1984 in Case 74/82 Commission v Ireland [1984] ECR 317; and the judgment of 11 July 1984 in Case 51/83 Commission v Italy [1984] ECR 2793.

6 See, for example, ihe judgment of 15 April 1970 in Case 28/69 Commission v Italy [1979] ECR 196 and 197; the judgment of 25 October 1979 in Case 159/78 Commission v Italy [1979] ECR 3265; and the judgment of 8 January 1980 in Case 21/79 Commission v Italy [1980] ECR 16.