Opinion of Mr Advocate General da Cruz Vilaça delivered on 31 May 1988

1 Translated from the Portuguese.

2 Judgment of 20 March 1984 in Joined Cases 75 and 117/82 Razzouk and Beydoun [1984] ECR 1509, at p. 1527, paragraph 7.

3 Judgment of 17 December 1959 in Case 14/59 Fonderies de Pont-à-Mousson [1959] ECR 215, at p. 230.

4 Idem.

5 Judgment of 31 May 1979 in Case 156/78 Newth v Commission [1979] ECR 1941, at p. 1952, paragraph 13.

6 Judgment of 16 December I960 in Case 44/59 Fiddelaar v Commission [1960] ECR 535, at p. 542; judgment of 19 March 1975 in Case 189/73 Van Reenen v Commission [1975] ECR 445, at p. 454.

7 Judgment of 20 June 1985 in Case 141/84 De Compte v Parliament [1985] ECR 1951, at p. 1967, paragraph 22.

8 Seeking retroactive restoration of the applicant's full entitlement.

9 See also judgment of 23 February 1961 in Case 30/59 De Gezamenlijke Steenkolenmijnen [1961] ECR 1, at p. 36; judgments of 1 July 1964 in Case 26/63 Pistoj v Commission [1964] ECR 341 and Case 78/63 Huber v Commission [1964] ECR 367. This trend in the case-law prevailed over that followed in earlier cases, such as the judgment of 19 March 1964 in Case 18/63 Schmitz-Wollast v European Economic Community [1964] ECR 85 and the judgment of 7 July 1964 in Case 70/63 Collotti v Court of Justice [1964] ECR 435.

10 Razzouk and Beydoun, cited above, paragraph 19.

11 Ibidem.

12 Newth, cited above, paragraph 14.

13 Judgment of 6 October 1982 in Case 59/81 Commission v Council [1982] ECR 3329, at p. 3358, paragraph 33; judgment of 15 December 1982 in Case 158/79 Roumengous Carpentierv Commission [1982] ECR 4379, at p. 4402, paragraph 28.

14 Case 114/77 Jacquemart v Commission [1978] ECR 1697, at p. 1706.

15 OJ L 203, 27.7.1983, p. 1.

16 Judgment of 19 March 1975 in Case 28/74 Gillet v Commission [1975] ECR 463, at p. 472, paragraph 4.