identifier: ICC-01/11-01/11 (Warrant of arrest for Muammar Mohammed Abu Minyar Gaddafi)

text: Rome Statute, article 13

text: the Statute, article 19

text: the Statute, article 25

text: the Statute, article 58

text: the Statute, article 7

text: Original: English No.: ICC-01/11 Date: 27 June 2011

text: PRE-TRIAL CHAMBER I

text: Before: Judge Sanji Mmasenono Monageng, Presiding Judge Judge Sylvia Steiner Judge Cuno Tarfusser

text: SITUATION IN THE LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA

text: PUBLIC

text: Warrant of Arrest for Muammar Mohammed Abu Minyar Gaddafi

text: No. ICC-01/11 1/7 27 June 2011

text: Decision to be notified in accordance with regulation 31 of the Regulations of the Court to:

text: The Office of the Prosecutor Counsel for the Defence Mr Luis Moreno Ocampo, Prosecutor Ms Fatou Bensouda, Deputy Prosecutor

text: Legal Representatives of the Victims Legal Representatives of the Applicants

text: Unrepresented Victims Unrepresented Applicants for Participation/Reparation

text: The Office of Public Counsel for The Office of Public Counsel for the Victims Defence

text: States Representatives Amicus Curiae

text: REGISTRY Registrar Defence Support Section Ms Silvana Arbia Deputy Registrar Mr Didier Preira

text: Victims and Witnesses Unit Detention Section

text: Victims Participation and Reparations Other Section

text: No. ICC-01/11 2/7 27 June 2011

text: PRE-TRIAL CHAMBER I ("Chamber") of the International Criminal Court ("Court");

text: NOTING Resolution 1970 unanimously adopted by the United Nations Security Council on 26 February 2011 and referring the situation in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ("Libya") since 15 February 2011 to the Prosecutor of the Court, in accordance with

text: article 13

text: (b) of the

text: Rome Statute

text: ("Statute"); NOTING the "Prosecutor's Application Pursuant to Article 58 as to Muammar Mohammed Abu Minyar GADDAFI, Saif Al-Islam GADDAFI and Abdullah AL- SENUSSI" ("Prosecutor's Application")i filed by the Prosecutor on 16 May 2011, and by which he, inter alia, requested the issuance of a warrant of arrest for Muammar Mohammed Abu Minyar Gaddafi ("Muammar Gaddafi" or "Gaddafi"), for his alleged criminal responsibility for the commission of murder and persecution of civilians as crimes against humanity from 15 February 2011 onwards throughout Libya in, inter alia, Tripoli, Benghazi, and Misrata, through the Libyan State apparatus and Security Forces, in violation of

text: article 7

text: (l)(a) and (h) of

text: the Statute

text: and as principal to these crimes in accordance with

text: article 25

text: (3)(a) of

text: the Statute

text: ; HAVING examined the information and evidence ("Materials") provided by the Prosecutor in his Application in light of the standard set out in

text: article 58

text: of

text: the Statute

text: to determine whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that Muammar Gaddafi has committed the crimes alleged by the Prosecutor, and that his arrest appears necessary; NOTING

text: articles 7

text: (l)(a) and (h), 19, 25(3)(a) and 58 of

text: the Statute

text: CONSIDERING that, on the basis of the Materials provided by the Prosecutor, the Chamber believes that the case against Muammar Gaddafi falls within the jurisdiction of the Court and that there is no ostensible cause or self-evident factor ^ ICC-01/11-4-Conf-Exp and its annexes. PURL: https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/03b2b8/ No. ICC-01/11 3/7 27 June 2011 which impels it to exercise its discretion under

text: article 19

text: (1) of

text: the Statute

text: to determine at this stage the admissibility of the case against Muammar Gaddafi, without prejudice to any challenge to the admissibility of the case in accordance with

text: article 19

text: (2) of

text: the Statute

text: CONSIDERING that the Chamber finds that there are reasonable grounds to believe that, following the events in Tunisia and Egypt which led to the departure of their respective Presidents in the early months of 2011, a State policy was designed at the highest level of the Libyan State machinery and aimed at deterring and quelling, by any means, including by the use of lethal force, the demonstrations of civilians against Gaddafi's regime which started in February 2011;

text: CONSIDERING that there are reasonable grounds to believe that in furtherance of the abovementioned State policy, from 15 February 2011 until at least 28 February 2011 the Libyan Security Forces,^ following a consistent modus operandi, carried out throughout Libya an attack against the civilian population taking part in demonstrations against the Gaddafi's regime or those perceived to be dissidents;

text: CONSIDERING that, although the exact number of casualties resulting from the attack cannot be known due to a cover up campaign implemented in order to conceal the commission of crimes by the Security Forces, there are reasonable grounds to believe that, as of 15 February 2011 and within a period of less than two weeks in February 2011, the Security Forces killed and injured as well as arrested and imprisoned hundreds of civilians; CONSIDERING therefore that there are reasonable grounds to believe that a systematic and widespread attack, in furtherance of a State policy, targeting the civilian population which was demonstrating against Gaddafi's regime or those ^ The expression ''Security Forces" is hereinafter used to define the Libyan security and military system which is notably comprised of the Libyan Armed Forces and police ; the military intelligence ; the Internal and External Security Services; the Revolutionary Committees and its Bureau; the Revolutionary Guard; the People's Guard; the Revolutionary Combating militias; brigades and militia units. No. ICC-01/11 4/7 27 June 2011 perceived to be dissidents to the regime, occurred within the meaning of

text: article 7

text: (1) of

text: the Statute

text: ; CONSIDERING in particular that there are reasonable grounds to believe that, throughout Libya and in particular in Tripoli, Misrata and Benghazi as well as in cities near Benghazi such as Al-Bayda, Derna, Tobruk and Ajdabiya, murders constituting crimes against humanity were committed from 15 February 2011 until at least 25 February 2011 by Security Forces as part of the attack against the civilian demonstrators or alleged dissidents to Gaddafi's regime; CONSIDERING also that there are reasonable grounds to believe that, from 15 February 2011 until at least 28 February 2011, in various localities of the Libyan territory and in particular in Benghazi, Tripoli, Misrata and other neighboring towns, inhuman acts that severely deprived the civilian population of its fundamental rights were inflicted on it by the Security Forces because of this civilian population's political opposition (whether actual or perceived) to Gaddafi's regime;

text: CONSIDERING that, in light of the Materials, there are reasonable grounds to believe that Muammar Gaddafi, as the recognised and undisputed leader of Libya had, at all times relevant to the Prosecutor's Application, absolute, ultimate and unquestioned control over the Libyan State apparatus of power, including the Security Forces, and that, by virtue of that position and in coordination with his inner circle, including his son Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi, he conceived and orchestrated a plan to deter and quell, by all means, the civilian demonstration against his regime;

text: CONSIDERING that in light of the Materials, there are reasonable grounds to believe that Muammar Gaddafi contributed to the implementation of the plan by assuming paramount tasks that lead to the commission of the foregoing crimes and that, his contributions were essential for the realisation of the plan since he had the power to frustrate the commission of the crimes by not performing his tasks;

text: No. ICC-01/11 5/7 27 June 2011

text: CONSIDERING further that there are reasonable grounds to believe that Muammar Gaddafi (i) intended to bring about the objective elements of the foregoing crimes; (ii) knew that his conduct was part of a widespread and systematic attack against the civilian population pursuant to the State policy, set up by him in coordination with his inner circle, including his son Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi, of targeting civilians perceived to be political dissidents; (iii) was well aware of his senior leadership role within the structure of the Libyan State apparatus and of his power to exercise full control over his subordinates and (iv) was aware and accepted that implementing the plan would result in the realisation of the objective elements of the crimes;

text: CONSIDERING accordingly that there are reasonable grounds to believe that Muammar Gaddafi is criminally responsible as an indirect co-perpetrator, under

text: article 25

text: (3)(a) of

text: the Statute

text: , for the following crimes committed by Security Forces under his control in various localities of the Libyan territory, in particular in Benghazi, Misrata, Tripoli and other neighboring cities, from 15 February 2011 until at least 28 February 2011:

text: i. murder as a crime against humanity, within the meaning of

text: article 7

text: (l)(a) of

text: the Statute

text: ; and ii. persecution as a crime against humanity, within the meaning of

text: article 7

text: (l)(h) of

text: the Statute

text: CONSIDERING that, under

text: article 58

text: (1) of

text: the Statute

text: , the arrest of Muammar Gaddafi appears necessary at this stage to (i) ensure his appearance before the Court; (ii) ensure that he does not continue to use his power to obstruct or endanger the investigation, in particular by orchestrating the cover-up of crimes committed by the Security Forces; and (iii) prevent him from continuing to use his power and absolute control over the Libyan State apparatus to continue the commission of crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court;

text: No. ICC-01/11 6/7 27 June 2011

text: FOR THESE REASONS, the Chamber

text: HEREBY ISSUES a warrant of arrest for Muammar Mohammed Abu Minyar Gaddafi (also spelt as "Qaddafi", "Qadhafi" or "Kadafi"), whose photograph is attached, born in 1942 near Sirte, Libya, Commander of the Armed Forces of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and holding the title of Leader of the Revolution and, as such, acting as the Libyan Head of State.

text: Done in English and French, the English version being authoritative.

text: Judge Sanji Mmasenono Monageng Presiding Judge

text: No. ICC-01/11 7/7 27 June 2011

title: The Prosecutor v. Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi

type: avgorande


court: icc

doctype: arrest-warrant

identifier: ICC-01/11-01/11 (Warrant of arrest for Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi)

caseName: The Prosecutor v. Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi

chamber: Pre-Trial Chamber I

decisionType: arrest-warrant

publisher: International Criminal Court

text: Rome Statute, article 13

text: the Statute, article 19

text: the Statute, article 25

text: the Statute, article 58

text: the Statute, article 7

text: Original: English No.: ICC-01/11 Date: 27 June 2011

type: stycke

text: PRE-TRIAL CHAMBER I

type: rubrik

text: Before: Judge Sanji Mmasenono Monageng, Presiding Judge Judge Sylvia Steiner Judge Cuno Tarfusser

text: SITUATION IN THE LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA

text: PUBLIC

text: Warrant of Arrest for Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi

text: No. ICC-01/11 1/7 27 June 2011

text: Unrepresented Victims Unrepresented Applicants for Participation/Reparation The Office of Public Counsel for The Office of Public Counsel for the Victims Defence States Representatives Amicus Curiae

text: REGISTRY Registrar Defence Support Section Ms Silvana Arbia Deputy Registrar Mr Didier Preira Victims and Witnesses Unit Detention Section Victims Participation and Reparations Other Section

text: No. ICC-01/11 2/7 27 June 2011

text: PRE-TRIAL CHAMBER I ("Chamber") of the International Criminal Court ("Court");

text: NOTING Resolution 1970 unanimously adopted by the United Nations Security Council on 26 February 2011 and referring the situation in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ("Libya") since 15 February 2011 to the Prosecutor of the Court, in accordance with

text: article 13

text: (b) of the

text: Rome Statute

text: ("Statute"); NOTING the "Prosecutor's Application Pursuant to Article 58 as to Muammar Mohammed Abu Minyar GADDAFI, Saif Al-Islam GADDAFI and Abdullah AL- SENUSSI" ("Prosecutor's Application")i filed by the Prosecutor on 16 May 2011, and by which he, inter alia, requested the issuance of a warrant of arrest for Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi, for his alleged criminal responsibility for the commission of murder and persecution of civilians as crimes against humanity from 15 February 2011 onwards throughout Libya in, inter alia, Tripoli, Benghazi, and Misrata, through the Libyan State apparatus and Security Forces, in violation of

text: article 7

text: (l)(a) and (h) of

text: the Statute

text: and as principal to these crimes in accordance with

text: article 25

text: (3)(a) of

text: the Statute

text: ; HAVING examined the information and evidence ("Materials") provided by the Prosecutor in his Application in light of the standard set out in

text: article 58

text: of

text: the Statute

text: to determine whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that Saif Al- Islam Gaddafi has committed the crimes alleged by the Prosecutor, and that his arrest appears necessary; NOTING

text: articles 7

text: (l)(a) and (h), 19, 25(3)(a) and 58 of

text: the Statute

text: CONSIDERING that, on the basis of the Materials provided by the Prosecutor, the Chamber believes that the case against Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi falls within the jurisdiction of the Court and that there is no ostensible cause or self-evident factor ^ ICC-Ol/ll-4-Conf-Exp and its annexes. No. ICC-01/11 3/7 27 June 2011 which impels it to exercise its discretion under

text: article 19

text: (1) of

text: the Statute

text: to determine at this stage the admissibility of the case against Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi, without prejudice to any challenge to the admissibility of the case in accordance with

text: article 19

text: (2) of

text: the Statute

text: CONSIDERING that the Chamber finds that there are reasonable grounds to believe that, following the events in Tunisia and Egypt which led to the departure of their respective Presidents in the early months of 2011, a State policy was designed at the highest level of the Libyan State machinery and aimed at deterring and quelling, by any means, including by the use of lethal force, the demonstrations of civilians against the regime of Muammar Mohammed Abu Minyar Gaddafi ("Gaddafi's regime") which started in February 2011;

text: CONSIDERING that there are reasonable grounds to believe that in furtherance of the abovementioned State policy, from 15 February 2011 until at least 28 February 2011 the Libyan Security Forces,^ following a consistent modus operandi, carried out throughout Libya an attack against the civilian population taking part in demonstrations against Gaddafi's regime or those perceived to be dissidents;

text: CONSIDERING that, although the exact number of casualties resulting from the attack cannot be known due to a cover-up campaign implemented in order to conceal the commission of crimes by the Security Forces, there are reasonable grounds to believe that, as of 15 February 2011 and within a period of less than two weeks in February 2011, the Security Forces killed and injured as well as arrested and imprisoned hundreds of civilians; CONSIDERING therefore that there are reasonable grounds to believe that a systematic and widespread attack, in furtherance of a State policy, targeting the ^ The expression "Security Forces" is hereinafter used to define the Libyan security and military system which is notably comprised of the Libyan Armed Forces and police ; the military intelligence ; the Internal and External Security Services; the Revolutionary Committees and its Bureau; the Revolutionary Guard; the People's Guard; the Revolutionary Combating militias; brigades and militia units. No. ICC-01/11 4/7 27 June 2011 civilian population which was demonstrating against Gaddafi's regime or those perceived to be dissidents to the regime, occurred within the meaning of

text: article 7

text: (1) of

text: the Statute

text: ; CONSIDERING in particular that there are reasonable grounds to believe that throughout Libya and in particular in Tripoli, Misrata and Benghazi as well as in cities near Benghazi such as Al-Bayda, Derna, Tobruk and Ajdabiya, murders constituting crimes against humanity were committed from 15 February 2011 until at least 25 February 2011 by Security Forces as part of the attack against the civilian demonstrators or alleged dissidents to Gaddafi's regime; CONSIDERING also that there are reasonable grounds to believe that, from 15 February 2011 until at least 28 February 2011, in various localities of the Libyan territory and in particular in Benghazi, Tripoli, Misrata and other neighboring towns, inhuman acts that severely deprived the civilian population of its fundamental rights were inflicted on it by the Security Forces because of the civilians' political opposition (whether actual or perceived) to the Gaddafi's regime;

text: CONSIDERING that, in light of the Materials, there are reasonable grounds to believe that Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi, although not having an official position, is Muammar Gaddafi's unspoken successor and the most influential person within his inner circle and, as such, at all times relevant to the Prosecutor's Application, he exercised control over crucial parts of the State apparatus, including finances and logistics and had the powers of a de facto Prime Minister;

text: CONSIDERING that the evidence submitted by the Prosecutor provides reasonable grounds to believe that the scale of the concerted actions by Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and his father Muammar Gaddafi leads to the inference that Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi, as part of Muammar Gaddafi's inner circle and in coordination with him, conceived and orchestrated a plan to deter and quell, by all means, the civilian demonstrations against Gaddafi's regime;

text: No. ICC-01/11 5/7 27 June 2011

text: CONSIDERING that in light of the Materials, there are reasonable grounds to believe that Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi contributed to the implementation of the plan by assuming essential tasks that led to the commission of the foregoing crimes and that, his contributions were essential for the realisation of the plan since he had the power to frustrate the commission of the crimes by not performing his tasks;

text: CONSIDERING further that there are reasonable grounds to believe that Saif Al- Islam Gaddafi (i) intended to bring about the objective elements of the foregoing crimes; (ii) knew that his conduct was part of a widespread and systematic attack against the civilian population pursuant to the State policy set up by Muammar Gaddafi in coordination with his inner circle, of which he himself was part; (iii) was well aware of his senior leadership role within the structure of the Libyan State apparatus and of his power to exercise full control over his subordinates and (iv) was aware and accepted that implementing the plan would result in the realisation of the objective elements of the crimes;

text: CONSIDERING accordingly that there are reasonable grounds to believe that Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi is criminally responsible as an indirect co-perpetrator, under

text: article 25

text: (3) (a) of

text: the Statute

text: , for the following crimes committed by Security Forces under his control in various localities of the Libyan territory, in particular in Benghazi, Misrata, Tripoli and other neighboring cities, from 15 February 2011 until at least 28 February 2011 :

text: article 7

text: (l)(a) of

text: the Statute

text: article 7

text: (l)(h) of

text: the Statute

text: CONSIDERING that, under

text: article 58

text: (1) of

text: the Statute

text: , the arrest of Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi appears necessary at this stage to (i) ensure his appearance before the Court; (ii) ensure that he does not continue to use his power to obstruct or endanger the

text: No. ICC-01/11 6/7 27 June 2011 investigation, in particular by orchestrating the cover-up of the crimes committed by the Security Forces; and to (iii) prevent him from continuing to use his power and control over the Libyan State apparatus to continue the commission of crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court;

text: FOR THESE REASONS, the Chamber

text: HEREBY ISSUES a warrant of arrest for Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi (also spelt as "Qaddafi", "Qadhafi" or "Kadafi"), whose photograph is attached, born on 25 June 1972 in Tripoli, Libya, honorary chairman of the Gaddafi International Charity and Development Foundation and acting as the Libyan de facto Prime Minister.

text: Judge Sanji Mmasenono Monageng Presiding Jv/äge

text: via Steiner Judge Cuno Tarfusser

text: Dated this Monday 27 June 2011 At The Hague, The Netherlands

text: No. ICC-01/11 7/7 27 June 2011

title: The Prosecutor v. Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi