Opinion of Mr Advocate General da Cruz Vilaça delivered on 4 June 1987

1 Translated from the Portugese.

2 Official Journal 1979, L 6, p. 24.

3 See, for instance, judgments of 6 October 1970 in Case 9/70 Grad [1970] ECR 825 at p. 839; of 4 December 1974 in Case 41/74 Van Duyn [1974] ECR 1337 at p. 1349; of 5 April 1979 in Case 148/78 Ratti [1979] ECR 1629; of 19 January 1982 in Case 8/81 Becker [1982] ECR 53; and of 26 February 1986 in Case 152/84 Marshall [1986] ECR 723 at p. 737.

4 Judgment of 24 June 1986 in Case 150/85 Drake [1986] ECR 1995 at p. 2002, paragraph 32 of the decision.

5 Judgments of 26 February 1986 in Case 151/84 Roberts [1986] ECR 703 at p. 712; Case 152/84 Marshall [1986] ECR 723 at p. 737; and Case 262/84 Beets-Proper [1986] ECR 773 at p. 782.

6 Judgment of 4 December 1986 in Case 71/85 FNV [1986] ECR 3855 at p. 3870; judgment of 24 March 1987 in Case 286/85 McDermott and Cotter [1987] ECR 1453; sec also Opinion of Mr Advocate General Mancini in those cases.

7 See the Becker judgment, cited above, paragraph 47 of the decision.

8 See, for instance, the judgments of 2 February 1982 in Cases 68 to 73/81 Commission v Belgium [1982] ECR 153, 163, 169, 175, 183 and 189.

9 Judgment of 3 April 1968 in Case 28/67 Molkerei-Zentrale [1968] ECR 143 at p. 154.