Opinion of Mr Advocate General Darmon delivered on 17 November 1993

1 Origina! language: French.

2 The wording of the questions appears in the Report for the Hearing, at 1.5.

3 OJ 1975 L 194, p. 39.

4 Order for reference, paragraph A.1.

5 Ibid-, paragraphs 6.1. to 6.3.

6 Judgment in Case C-83/91 Meilicke v ADV/ORGA A. C. [1992] ECR I-4871, paragraph 26.

7 Judgment in Case C-343/90 Lourenço Dias [1992] ECR I-4673, paragraph 19. See also the judgments in Case 244/80 Foglia v Novello [1981] ECR 3045 and Joined Cases 98,162 and 258/85 Bertini [1986] ECR 1885.

8 Judgment in Joined Cases C-320/90, C-321/90 and C-322/90 [1993] ECR I-393.

9 Paragraph 6.

10 Ibid., paragraph 7.

11 Paragraph A.1. Of the order for reference.

12 Ibid., paragraphs 6.1 to 6.3.

13 G. Isaac: Droit Communautaire Général', Third Edition, Masson, p. 163.

14 Case 80/86 Kolpmghun Nijmegen [1987] EC R 3969, paragraph 7.

15 Decree No 915 of the President of the Italian Republic of 10 September 1982 (Gazzella Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana No 343 of 15 December 1982, p. 9071).

16 Case 152/84 [1986] ECR 723.

17 Paragraph 48.

18 See in that regard the judgments in Case 152/84, cited above, and Case C-188/89 Foster [1990] ECRI-3313.

19 Case 28/67 Molkerei-Zentrale Westfalen v Hauptzollamt Paderborn [1968] ECR 143.

20 Judgment in Case 152/84, cited above, paragraph 52.

21 Sixth recital.

22 Third recital.

23 Case 33/90 [1991] ECR I-5987, paragraph 2.

24 Council Directive of 20 March 1978 on toxic and dangerous waste (OJ 1978 L 84, p. 43).

25 Paragraph 3.

26 Joined Cases 372 to 374/85 [1987] ECR 2141.

27 Paragraph 21.

28 Judgment in Case 14/83 Von Colson and Kamann [1984] ECR 1891, paragraph 26; see also the judgments in Case 157/86 Murphy [1988] ECR 673, Case 80/86, cited above, and Case C-106/89 Markasing [1990] ECR I-4135.

29 Judgment in Case 80/86, cited above, paragraph 15.

30 Emmert and Pereira De Azevedo, L'effet horizontal des directives — La jurisprudence de la Cour de Justice des Communautés européennes: un bateau ivre?, RTDE, 1993, No 3, p. 503.

31 Case 13/68 [1968] ECR 453.

32 At p. 463.

33 Case 265/78 [1980] ECR 617.

34 Paragraph 10, emphasis added.

35 Case 380/87 [I989] ECR2491.

36 Paragraph 19, at p. 2509.

37 Case 179/84 [1985] ECR2301.

38 Paragraph 17, emphasis added.

39 See, most recently, the judgment in Case C-24/92 Corbiatt [1993] ECR0000.

40 Case 106/77 Amministrazione delle Finanze dello Stato v Simmenthal [1978] ECR 629.

41 Paragraph 24.

42 Case 61/79 Amministrazione delle Finanze dello Stato v Denkavit Italiana [1980] ECR 1205.

43 Paragraph 16, emphasis added.

44 Paragraph 17.

45 Paragraph 18, emphasis added.