Opinion of advocate general Jacobs delivered on 30 June 1993

1 Original language: English.

2 Phonogram is a generic term covering vinyl records, compact discs and audio cassettes. It is defined by Article 3(b) of the Rome Convention of 26 October 1961 for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations as meaning any exclusively aural fixation of sounds of a performance or of other sounds.

3 Sec the judgment of the Bundesgerichtshof of 20 November 1986 (Die Zauberflote), GRUR 1987, p. 814.

4 Sec for example Grabilz, in Kommentar zum EWG-Vertrag, by E. Grabitz (ed.), paragraph 20 on Article 7; see also Case 305/87 Commission v Greece [1989] ECR 1461, at paragraph

5 See B. Sundberg-Weitman, Discrimination on Grounds of Nationality, 1977, p. 14.

6 Sec, for example, Case C-41/90 Höfner and Elser v Macrotron [1991] ECR I-1979, at paragraph 36.

7 OJ, English Special Edition, Second Series IX, p. 3.

8 OJ, English Special Edition, Second Series IX, p. 7.

9 Title III. A, third paragraph, indent (e).

10 Case 71/76 Thieffry v Conseil de l'Ordre des Avocats à la Cour de Paris [1977] ECR 765, at paragraph 14.

11 Case 186/87 Cowan v Trésor Public [1989] ECR 195.

12 Case 293/83 Gravier v Cuy of Liège [1985] ECR 593.

13 Case 137/84 Ministère Public v Mutsch [1985] ECR 2681. at paragraph 12 in particular.

14 Case C-10/89 CNL-Sucal v HAG GF [1990] ECR I-3711.

15 In Case 36/74 Walrave v Union Cycliste Internationale [1974] ECR 1405, at paragraph 28, the Court stated that the rule on nondiscrimination applies in judging all legal relationships in so far as these relationships, by reason cither of the place where they are entered into or of the place where they take effect, can be located within the territory of the Community.

16 Case 35/87 [1988] ECR 3585, at paragraph 12.

17 Case 7/82 [1983] ECR 483.

18 Commission Decision 81/1030/EEC (OJ 1981 L 370, p 49); see, in particular, paragraph 46 of the decision.

19 OJ 1991 L. 122, p. 42.

20 OJ 1992 L 346, p. 61.

21 - OJ 1992 C 138, p. 1

22 See, for example, Case 121/85 Conegate v HM Customs and Excise [1986] ECR 1007, at paragraph 24.

23 Sec Mohring Nicolini, Urheberrechtsgesetz, commentary on Paragraph 125, at pp. 694 and 695.

24 Case 2/74 [1974] ECR 631, at paragraphs 24 and 25.

25 Case 33/74 [1974] ECR 1299, at paragraph 27.

26 Sec paragraph 30 of Reyners and paragraph 26 of Van Bins bergen.

27 Case 1/78 [1978] ECR 1489, at paragraph 12.

28 Case 24/86 [1988] ECR 379, at paragraph 35.

29 See note 10.

30 Case 309/85 [1988] ECR 355, at paragraphs 19 and 20 in particular.

31 Case C-357/89 [1992] ECR I-1027, at paragraphs 42 and 43.

32 See Case 13/76 Dona v Mantem [1976] ECR 1333, at paragraphs 17 to 19; see also A. Armili, The General Principles of EEC Law and the Individual, 1990, p. 18.